In literary analysis, what does 'characterization' refer to?

Characterization refers specifically to the process through which authors convey information about their characters, allowing readers to understand their traits, motivations, and complexities. This includes both direct characterization, where the author explicitly states characteristics (e.g., “He was a kind and generous man”), and indirect characterization, which reveals traits through character actions, dialogue, and interactions with other characters.

By focusing on characterization, readers can gauge how characters drive the narrative, influence the plot's progression, and reflect themes within the story. Understanding characterization is essential for deeper literary analysis, as it enhances comprehension of character dynamics and the text's overall meaning. In contrast, the development of the plot, the theme, and the setting are distinct elements that contribute to a story but do not encapsulate the specific definition of characterization.