What does the term "theme" refer to in literature?

The term "theme" in literature is best understood as the central idea or message conveyed through a literary work. It encompasses the underlying concepts or insights that the author expresses through characters, plot, and dialogue. A theme is often universal in nature, exploring fundamental aspects of human experience, such as love, conflict, morality, and identity. It encourages readers to engage with the text on a deeper level, prompting reflection on wider societal issues or personal experiences.

While the primary subject or topic of a discussion is relevant, it is typically more superficial than the deeper implications and messages found in a theme. The setting and background of the story provide context but do not encapsulate the broader ideas or messages that resonate beyond the narrative itself. Similarly, while the author's intentions can inform the work, they do not always align perfectly with the themes present; a theme may emerge that the author did not consciously consider or intend. Therefore, identifying the theme of a literary piece allows readers to grasp its essential significance and the universal ideas it presents.